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Bibliography

Andresen, M.A., Linning, S.J., & Malleson, N. (2017). Crime at Places and Spatial

         Concentrations: Exploring the Spatial Stability of Property Crime in Vancouver BC,

         2003-2017. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 33(2), 255-275.  

         https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-016-9295-8

 

Andresen, M.A. (2007). Location quotients, ambient populations, and the capital analysis of            crime in Vancouver, Canada. Environment and Planning A, 39(10), 2423-2444.

         https://doi.org/10.1068/a38187

 

Andresen, M.A. (2006). A spatial analysis of crime in Vancouver, British Columbia: A  

        synthesis of social disorganization and routine activity theory. The Canadian  

        Geographer, 50(5), 487-502. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.2006.00159.x

Bell N., Schuurman N., Oliver, L., & Hayes. M.V.. (2017). Towards the construction of place‐

       specific measures of deprivation: a case study from the Vancouver metropolitan area.

       The Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe Canadien, 51(4), 444–461.

       https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.2007.00191.x

Bradie J., & Leung, B. (2016). A quantitative synthesis of the importance of variables used in         MaxEnt species distribution models. Journal of Biogeography, 44(6), 1344–1361.

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Royle J. Andrew, Chandler Richard B., Yackulic Charles, & Nichols James D. (2012).

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Appendix

Emerging Hotspot Analysis

Table A1. Table of emerging hotspot analysis categorical definitions. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fig A1. Map of the visualization of the confidence interval surface for all types of property crime (residential/commercial break-and-enter, vehicle of vehicle, theft from vehicle, bicycle theft and 'other' theft) in the city of Vancouver from 2007-2017. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fig A2. Map of the visualization of the confidence interval surface for residential and commercial break-and-enters in the city of Vancouver from 2007-2017. 

Fig A3. Map of the visualization of the confidence interval surface for thefts of vehicles in the city of Vancouver from 2007-2017. 

Maximum Entropy Suitability Model

Residential Break-and-Enters

Fig A4, Map of MaxEnt suitability surface for 2017 city of Vancouver residential break-and-enters. 

Fig A4, Map of MaxEnt suitability surface for 2017 city of Vancouver residential break-and-enters. 

Fig A4(2), Jackknife test results for 2017 city of Vancouver residential break-and-enters. 

Commercial Break-and-Enters

Fig A5, Map of MaxEnt suitability surface for 2017 city of Vancouver commercial  break-and-enters. 

Fig A5(2), Jackknife test results for 2017 city of Vancouver commercial break-and-enters. 

Thefts of Vehicles

Fig A6, Map of MaxEnt suitability surface for 2017 city of Vancouver thefts of vehicles.

Fig A6(2), Jackknife test results for 2017 city of Vancouver thefts of vehicles. 

Thefts from Vehicles

Fig A7, Map of MaxEnt suitability surface for 2017 city of Vancouver thefts from vehicles. 

Fig A7(2), Jackknife test results for 2017 city of Vancouver thefts from vehicles. 

Bicycle Thefts

Fig A8, Map of MaxEnt suitability surface for 2017 city of Vancouver bicycle thefts. 

Fig A8(2), Jackknife test results for 2017 city of Vancouver thefts of bicycles.

'Other' Property Theft

Fig A9, Map of MaxEnt suitability surface for 2017 city of Vancouver 'other' property theft. 

Fig A9(2), Jackknife test results for 2017 city of Vancouver 'other' property theft. 

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